Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology 12th Edition By Marieb
$3.00
& Instant Download
Payment Methods:
About this item
### Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition by Marieb
#### Key Concepts
1. **Introduction to the Human Body**
- Structural organization: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.
- Homeostasis: maintaining stable internal conditions.
2. **Basic Chemistry**
- Atoms and elements.
- Chemical bonds and reactions.
- Essential organic compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids.
3. **Cells and Tissues**
- Cell structure: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane.
- Types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous.
4. **Skin and Body Membranes**
- Functions of the skin: protection, temperature regulation, sensation.
- Types of membranes: mucous, serous, cutaneous, synovial.
5. **Skeletal System**
- Bone structure: compact and spongy bone.
- Joint types: fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial.
6. **Muscular System**
- Muscle types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth.
- Mechanism of contraction: sliding filament theory.
7. **Nervous System**
- Neurons: structure and function.
- Central and peripheral nervous systems.
- Reflex arcs and sensory pathways.
8. **Endocrine System**
- Hormones: chemical messengers.
- Major glands: pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas.
9. **Cardiovascular System**
- Heart anatomy: chambers, valves.
- Blood circulation: systemic and pulmonary.
- Blood components: red cells, white cells, platelets, plasma.
10. **Lymphatic System and Immunity**
- Lymphatic vessels and nodes.
- Immune response: innate and adaptive immunity.
11. **Respiratory System**
- Structure: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs.
- Gas exchange: alveoli function.
12. **Digestive System**
- Digestive tract: mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines.
- Accessory organs: liver, pancreas, gallbladder.
- Nutrient absorption and metabolism.
13. **Urinary System**
- Kidneys: filtration, reabsorption, secretion.
- Urine formation and excretion.
14. **Reproductive System**
- Male and female reproductive anatomy.
- Gametogenesis: sperm and egg production.
- Pregnancy and fetal development.
#### Sample Questions
1. **Introduction to the Human Body**
- **Q:** What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?
- **A:** Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
2. **Basic Chemistry**
- **Q:** What is the role of enzymes?
- **A:** Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
3. **Cells and Tissues**
- **Q:** What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
- **A:** To cover and protect body surfaces and cavities.
4. **Skeletal System**
- **Q:** What is the difference between compact and spongy bone?
- **A:** Compact bone is dense and strong; spongy bone is porous and lightweight.
5. **Muscular System**
- **Q:** Describe the sliding filament theory.
- **A:** Actin filaments slide over myosin filaments to shorten the sarcomere and produce muscle contraction.
6. **Nervous System**
- **Q:** What are the main functions of the autonomic nervous system?
- **A:** Regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
7. **Endocrine System**
- **Q:** How do hormones affect target cells?
- **A:** By binding to specific receptors and triggering responses.
8. **Cardiovascular System**
- **Q:** Describe the pathway of blood through the heart.
- **A:** Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta.
9. **Lymphatic System and Immunity**
- **Q:** What are the primary functions of the lymphatic system?
- **A:** Maintain fluid balance, absorb fats, provide immune defense.
10. **Respiratory System**
- **Q:** What is the primary function of alveoli?
- **A:** Gas exchange.
11. **Digestive System**
- **Q:** What are the main functions of the liver in digestion?
- **A:** Produces bile, processes nutrients, detoxifies substances.
12. **Urinary System**
- **Q:** How do kidneys regulate electrolyte balance?
- **A:** By filtering blood and excreting excess electrolytes in urine.
13. **Reproductive System**
- **Q:** What is the role of the placenta?
- **A:** Facilitates nutrient and waste exchange between mother and fetus.
#### Key Concepts
1. **Introduction to the Human Body**
- Structural organization: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.
- Homeostasis: maintaining stable internal conditions.
2. **Basic Chemistry**
- Atoms and elements.
- Chemical bonds and reactions.
- Essential organic compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids.
3. **Cells and Tissues**
- Cell structure: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane.
- Types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous.
4. **Skin and Body Membranes**
- Functions of the skin: protection, temperature regulation, sensation.
- Types of membranes: mucous, serous, cutaneous, synovial.
5. **Skeletal System**
- Bone structure: compact and spongy bone.
- Joint types: fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial.
6. **Muscular System**
- Muscle types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth.
- Mechanism of contraction: sliding filament theory.
7. **Nervous System**
- Neurons: structure and function.
- Central and peripheral nervous systems.
- Reflex arcs and sensory pathways.
8. **Endocrine System**
- Hormones: chemical messengers.
- Major glands: pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas.
9. **Cardiovascular System**
- Heart anatomy: chambers, valves.
- Blood circulation: systemic and pulmonary.
- Blood components: red cells, white cells, platelets, plasma.
10. **Lymphatic System and Immunity**
- Lymphatic vessels and nodes.
- Immune response: innate and adaptive immunity.
11. **Respiratory System**
- Structure: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs.
- Gas exchange: alveoli function.
12. **Digestive System**
- Digestive tract: mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines.
- Accessory organs: liver, pancreas, gallbladder.
- Nutrient absorption and metabolism.
13. **Urinary System**
- Kidneys: filtration, reabsorption, secretion.
- Urine formation and excretion.
14. **Reproductive System**
- Male and female reproductive anatomy.
- Gametogenesis: sperm and egg production.
- Pregnancy and fetal development.
#### Sample Questions
1. **Introduction to the Human Body**
- **Q:** What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?
- **A:** Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
2. **Basic Chemistry**
- **Q:** What is the role of enzymes?
- **A:** Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
3. **Cells and Tissues**
- **Q:** What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
- **A:** To cover and protect body surfaces and cavities.
4. **Skeletal System**
- **Q:** What is the difference between compact and spongy bone?
- **A:** Compact bone is dense and strong; spongy bone is porous and lightweight.
5. **Muscular System**
- **Q:** Describe the sliding filament theory.
- **A:** Actin filaments slide over myosin filaments to shorten the sarcomere and produce muscle contraction.
6. **Nervous System**
- **Q:** What are the main functions of the autonomic nervous system?
- **A:** Regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
7. **Endocrine System**
- **Q:** How do hormones affect target cells?
- **A:** By binding to specific receptors and triggering responses.
8. **Cardiovascular System**
- **Q:** Describe the pathway of blood through the heart.
- **A:** Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta.
9. **Lymphatic System and Immunity**
- **Q:** What are the primary functions of the lymphatic system?
- **A:** Maintain fluid balance, absorb fats, provide immune defense.
10. **Respiratory System**
- **Q:** What is the primary function of alveoli?
- **A:** Gas exchange.
11. **Digestive System**
- **Q:** What are the main functions of the liver in digestion?
- **A:** Produces bile, processes nutrients, detoxifies substances.
12. **Urinary System**
- **Q:** How do kidneys regulate electrolyte balance?
- **A:** By filtering blood and excreting excess electrolytes in urine.
13. **Reproductive System**
- **Q:** What is the role of the placenta?
- **A:** Facilitates nutrient and waste exchange between mother and fetus.
Listed on 8 July, 2024