1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the irrational soul could be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist: a. Freud. b. Pinel. c. Fisher. d. Rush. ANS: A Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outside the personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in need of medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared for the mentally ill, and Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases of the Mind. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 2 OBJ: 2 TOP: Early Years of Mental Health KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded by professionals. This practice led to for different abnormal behaviors. a. classifications b. diagnosing c. treatment d. education ANS: A Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more accurate recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education regarding mental health disorders were not available during this period. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 3 OBJ: 3 TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 3. During the latter part of the 18th century, psychiatry became a separate branch of medicine, and inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director: a. Dix. b. Beers. c. Pinel. d. Carter. ANS: C