Americas Courts and the Criminal Justice System 11th Edition Neubauer - Test Bank - Updated 2025

Chapter 2

LAW AND CRIME

TEST BANK

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.         The key characteristics of common law include all of the following, except:

a.     predominately judge-made                     c.     found in multiple sources

b.     based on justice                                      d.     applies rules of law found in previous cases     

ANS:   B         REF:    30        OBJ:    2

           2.         The burden of proof required for a victory in a civil case is:

a.	preponderance of evidence	c.	probable cause
b.	beyond a reasonable doubt	d.	reasonable suspicion

ANS:   A         REF:    34        OBJ:    5

           3.         Much of the Bill of Rights has been made applicable to the states through the:

a.	Fourth Amendment	c.	legislative process
b.	doctrine of precedent	d.	Fourteenth Amendment

ANS:   D         REF:    38-39   OBJ:    4

4.         The prosecution always bears the burden of persuading the trier-of-fact that the defendant:

           a.     is guilty based on clear and convincing evidence.

           b.     committed the majority of the elements of the crime(s) charged

           c.     committed each and every element of the crime(s) charged

d.     is guilty and deserves to be punished to the fullest extent of the law               

ANS:   C         REF:    34        OBJ:    3

           5.         Corpus delicti is a Latin phrase meaning:

a.	guilty act	c.	guilty mind
b.	body of the crime	d.	body of the victim

ANS:   B         REF:    44        OBJ:    6

           6.         Which of the following is not an element of a crime?

a.	Mens rea	c.	Attendant circumstances
b.	Actus reus	d.	Guilty conscience

ANS:   D         REF:    44-46   OBJ:    6

           7.         Mens rea refers to the:

a.	guilty act	c.	scene of the crime
b.	body of the crime	d.	guilty mind

ANS:   D         REF:    45-46   OBJ:    6

8.         Which Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures?

a.	First Amendment	c.	Fifth Amendment
b.	Fourth Amendment	d.	Eighth Amendment

ANS:   B         REF:    39        OBJ:    4

           9.         Which two Amendments to the U.S. Constitution mention due process?

a.	Fifth and Sixth	c.	Fifth and Fourteenth
b.	Eighth and Tenth	d.	Eighth and Fourteenth

ANS:   C         REF:    39        OBJ:    4

           10.       Victims of crime are increasingly resorting to:

a.	notifying law enforcement	c.	vigilantism
b.	criminal prosecution	d.	civil litigation

ANS:   D         REF:    41        OBJ:    5

           11.       Unlike all the other states, this state derives its civil law from the Napoleonic Code.

a.	Alabama	c.	Louisiana
b.	Wisconsin	d.	Florida

ANS:   C         REF:    30        OBJ:    1

12.       A court order directing a specific action or lack of action is known as an:

a.	interrogatory	c.	injunction
b.	indictment	d.	interdiction

ANS:   C         REF:    41-42   OBJ:    5

           13.       An example of a legal attendant circumstance would be:

a.	the credibility of eyewitnesses	c.	the defendant’s getaway vehicle
b.	the defendant’s character	d.	the amount of money or goods stolen

ANS:   D         REF:    46        OBJ:    6

14.       The primary justification for providing constitutional safeguards in the criminal justice process is to ensure that:

           a.     innocent persons are not harassed or wrongly convicted

           b.     the guilty are punished

           c.     society administers justice to the accused

           d.     convictions are not overturned on appeal          

ANS:   A         REF:    36-37   OBJ:    4

           15.       Which of the following is the highest burden of proof?

a.	Clear and convincing evidence	c.	Probable cause
b.	Preponderance of evidence	d.	Proof beyond a reasonable doubt

ANS:   D         REF:    34-35   OBJ:    3

           16.       Most civil cases involve a request for:

a.	declaratory judgment	c.	an injunction
b.	monetary damages	d.	temporary restraining order

ANS:   B         REF:    40        OBJ:    5

           17.       A common civil remedy used in drug cases is:

a.	writ of habeas corpus	c.	asset forfeiture
b.	mandatory minimum sentences	d.	declaratory damages

ANS:   C         REF:    41-42   OBJ:    5

18.       This Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to counsel.

a.	Fourth	c.	Sixth
b.	Fifth	d.	Eighth

ANS:   C         REF:    38-39   OBJ:    4

           19.       The party who initiates a civil suit is known as the:

a.	Appellant	c.	appellee
b.	Victim	d.	plaintiff

ANS:   D         REF:    40        OBJ:    5