This evidence-based test bank walks readers through the most fundamental and advanced 
concepts surrounding mechanical ventilation and guides them in properly applying these 
principles to patient care. This edition features a completely revised chapter on ventilator 
graphics, additional case studies and clinical scenarios, plus all the reader-friendly features 
that promote critical thinking and clinical application — like key points, AARC clinical 
practice guidelines, and critical care concepts — that have helped make this test bank a 
household name among respiratory care professionals

Chapter 1: Oxygenation 
and Acid-Base Evaluation
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The structure that is responsible for returning oxygenated blood to the heart is the
a. Pulmonary artery.
b. Pulmonary vein.
c. Superior vena cava.
d. Inferior vena cava.
ANS: B
The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to the heart. The pulmonary artery carries
deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. Both venae cavae return blood to the right
atrium of the heart.
DIF: Remember REF: 823-824
OBJ: Describe the structure and function of the cardiopulmonary system.
TOP: Planning MSC: Physiological Integrity
2. Chemical receptors that stimulate inspiration are located in the
a. Brain.
b. Lungs.
c. Aorta.
d. Heart.
ANS: C
Chemical receptors in the aorta send signals to begin the inspiration process. The brain, lungs,
and heart all are affected by this chemical reaction.
DIF: Remember REF: 822
OBJ: State the process of the neural and chemical regulation of respiration.
TOP: Planning MSC: Physiological Integrity
3. The nurse knows that the primary function of the alveoli is to
a. Carry out gas exchange.
b. Store oxygen.
c. Regulate tidal volume.
d. Produce hemoglobin.
ANS: A
The alveolus is a capillary membrane that allows gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
during respiration. The alveoli do not store oxygen, regulate tidal volume, or produce
hemoglobin.
DIF: Remember REF: 822
OBJ: Describe the structure and function of the cardiopulmonary system.
TOP: Knowledge MSC: Physiological Integrity
4. The nurse knows that anemia will result in
a. Hypoxemia.
b. Impaired ventilation.
c. Hypovolemia.
d. Decreased lung compliance.
ANS: A
Patients who are anemic do not have the same level of oxygen-carrying capacity. As a result,
oxygen is unable to properly perfuse the tissues, resulting in hypoxemia. Impaired ventilation
occurs when oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange occurs at the alveolar level. Hypovolemia is
related to decreased circulating blood volume. Lung compliance is related to the elasticity of
the lung tissue.
DIF: Understand REF: 822-823
OBJ: Identify the clinical outcomes occurring as a result of disturbances in conduction, altered
cardiac output, impaired valvular function, myocardial ischemia, and impaired tissue perfusion.
TOP: Assessment MSC: Physiological Integrity